What is the first-line treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered the first-line treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) due to their efficacy and favorable side effect profile. SSRIs work by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, which is believed to play a pivotal role in mood regulation. Common SSRIs, such as fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram, are often preferred because they are generally well-tolerated and have a lower risk of severe side effects compared to other classes of antidepressants.

Additionally, SSRIs have a relatively safer profile in terms of overdose risk and drug interactions. This makes them particularly suitable for many patients, including those who might have comorbid conditions or be on multiple medications. While other medications, such as tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, can be effective, they are typically reserved for cases where patients do not respond to SSRIs or have specific features of depression that warrant their use.

Antipsychotics, while sometimes used as adjuncts in treatment-resistant cases or when there are psychotic features, are not the primary treatment for MDD. Therefore, SSRIs represent the cornerstone of first-line therapy for this common mental health condition.