What two manifestations are characteristic of moderate dementia?

In moderate dementia, individuals often experience a variety of cognitive and behavioral changes that can significantly impact their daily lives. Among these changes, sundowning becomes particularly notable. This phenomenon describes increased confusion, agitation, and restlessness that occurs in the late afternoon and evening hours, making it a common manifestation in moderate dementia.

Additionally, the exaggeration of premorbid traits is another characteristic manifestation in this stage of dementia. Individuals may display behaviors or personality traits that were present before the onset of dementia but become more pronounced. For example, a person who was previously anxious or forgetful may show heightened anxiety or forgetfulness as they struggle to navigate their cognitive decline.

These two manifestations together reflect the struggles faced by individuals with moderate dementia, highlighting both behavioral changes and the challenges associated with their condition, which can lead to distress for both the individual and their caregivers.