Which medication class is used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Stimulants are the primary class of medications used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). They work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, which are involved in attention and impulse control. This increase in neurotransmitter activity helps improve focus, attention, and overall behavior in individuals with ADHD.

Stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, have a well-established efficacy in managing the symptoms of ADHD and are often considered first-line treatments. These medications have a rapid onset of action and can significantly enhance the quality of life for those diagnosed with the disorder by reducing hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention.

While other medication classes can be used in the treatment of ADHD, especially when stimulants are ineffective or cause undesirable side effects, they are not the primary choice. For example, beta-blockers are mainly used for cardiovascular issues and anxiety, antidepressants can help with certain co-occurring conditions but do not specifically address ADHD symptoms, and antipsychotics are primarily utilized for severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Thus, stimulants are uniquely suited to directly treat the core symptoms of ADHD.