Which of the following is an indicator of bipolar disorder?

Extreme mood swings between mania and depression are a hallmark characteristic of bipolar disorder. This mood disorder is defined by these significant fluctuations in mood states, where an individual experiences episodes of mania—marked by elevated mood, increased energy, and often, impulsive behavior—as well as depressive episodes characterized by feelings of sadness, low energy, and hopelessness.

Recognizing these mood swings is crucial for diagnosis, as they distinctly differentiate bipolar disorder from other mental health conditions that may present with either depressive symptoms or anxiety without the alternating phases of mania. Understanding the patterns of these mood changes over time is essential in treating and managing the disorder effectively.