Which symptom is indicative of a depressive episode?

Anhedonia, which refers to a loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, is a hallmark symptom of a depressive episode. This symptom is key in distinguishing major depressive disorder from other mental health conditions, as it impacts a person's ability to enjoy daily life and engage in activities that they previously found pleasurable. Individuals experiencing depression often withdraw from social interactions and hobbies they once enjoyed, leading to a significant decrease in their overall functioning and quality of life.

In contrast, excessive energy and enthusiasm are typically associated with manic or hypomanic episodes, not depression. Feelings of euphoria and grandeur are also indicative of mania, which is contrary to the emotional experience of someone in a depressive state. Similarly, while changes in sleep patterns can occur in depression, an increased need for sleep (hypersomnia) may not specifically define a depressive episode, as sleep disturbances can also manifest in other mental health conditions. Thus, the symptom of anhedonia is particularly central to identifying a depressive episode.